Core Conditions Example

Core Conditions Example Core Conditions â€" Essay Example > Core ConditionsIndividuals, couples, or people living together go through emotional, behavioural, and relationship difficulties. Counselling involves assisting such a person or group of people to manage or control their painful emotional, behavioural, or relationship difficulties. Counselling engages the knowledge of a counsellor, who helps the client to work through his or her difficulties (Rogers, 2005). When a counsellor to an individual conducts counselling, it is referred to us individual counselling whereas counselling conducted to more than one person is called group counselling. Counselling and the psychotherapy theories developed first in the early 20th century. It is however believed that the subject had existed long before the theories started being developed. Significant works on human mind by Sigmund Freud set the pace for later development of theories in the area of counselling and psychotherapy. Freud’s first theory was called the seduction theory, which tried to explain hysterical symptoms. Freud dropped this theory because it proved that it could not work on all cases. He later worked on hysterical patients using his psychoanalysis theory until early 1930’s when Franz Anton Mesmer discovered animal magnetism (Mesmerism). Mesmer’s ideas inspired James Braid who developed the theory of hypnotherapy. Hypnosis was a technique initially used by Freud, but he dropped it because it was only applicable in solving certain problems. It is imperative to note that Freud’s work remain one of the most significant. He proposed the separation of the human mind into ego, super ego, and the id. He also argued that children pass through stages during growth. He described the stages as oral, anal, and phallic stages, which children pass through. He continued to warn that if children would stagnate in one of the stages, it would result to future emotional and behavioural problems. Carl Jung worked with Freud, but they split later and he developed his o wn school of analytical psychology. Carl Jung and other believers of Freud’s theory directed their efforts to psychodynamic theories. During this period, other psychological therapies were also being pursued. Some of them include behaviourism theory, which was brought forward by B. F. Skinner. The theory focused on aspects, which could be seen rather than aspects of the mind, which could not be seen. Other contributors to the behaviourism theory include Ivan Pavlov who invented classical conditioning theory and Watson. Despite all the advances in the area of counselling and psychotherapy, the main milestone was made between 1940 and 1950 when the field of counselling was expanded. During this period, the U. S. based psychologist Carl Rogers developed the person-centred approach theory, which is used until today. The person-centered approach is termed as the humanistic approach branch of psychotherapy. The person-centred psychotherapy aims at developing a sense of self worth in pa tients (Rogers, 2005). Therapists who apply this theory make their patients realize how lack of the sense of self worth affects their attitudes, behaviours and feelings negatively (Sanders, 2006). The theory insists on techniques that will enable patients to realize their potential. It emphasizes on the relationship between individuals, which enhance the realization of self-actualization.