International and Transnational Crimes

planetary/ multinational villainys Saphia Christopher Strayer University CRJ 330 Professor Ackerman International abhorrences back be described as crimes against the peace and gage of mankind. International crimes are based on international agreements between countries or on jural precedents developed through history, and include offenses such as such as genocide, torture, and enslavement of populations. These are among the acts place by consensus among nations as being illegal everywhere. Dammer & Albanese, 2011). The Foca colza case verdict in February 2001 was the first cadence that individuals were convicted for assault as a crime against humanity. The Foca strip case was prosecuted by the International Criminal tourist court for the Former Yugoslavia (the ICTY) in an effort to bring to arbitrator those responsible for crimes against humanity in the war in Bosnia. Prior to the Foca rape case no cardinal had ever been convicted of rape as a crime against humanity.Rape causes serious bodily or mental abuse and international criminal tribunals have indicated that rape domiciliate constitute genocide when it is directed toward destroying a national, ethnic, racial or religious group. Under international honor the crime of rape is a physical invasion of a sexual nature, which is non limited to a physical invasion of the body and may expect acts where there is no penetration or raze physical contact (Parker, 2010). The prosecution in the Foca rape case argued the use of rape in attacks on civilians was widespread and domineering.To support this allegation the prosecution worked to video display that the tactic was repeated and continuous (systematic) and that what had happened in Foca was a representative sample of Serbian methods of ethnic cleanse in Bosnia (widespread). The court ruled that these acts of rape were recognised as crimes against humanity because they were part of a systematic and widespread campaign and the acts included ele ments of enslavement (Parker, 2010). Transnational crimes are offenses whose inception, acts, and impact involve more than ane acres.These crimes usually involve the provision of illegitimate goods or illicit services, or the infiltration of business or government (Dammer & Albanese, 2011). Transnational organized crime is not stagnant, but is an ever-changing industry, adapting to markets and creating new forms of crime. In short, it is an illicit business that transcends cultural, social, linguistic and geographical boundaries and one that knows no borders or rules. Drug trafficking continues to be the most mercantile form of business for criminals, with an estimated annual value of $320 billion.In 2009, UNODC lay the approximate annual worth of the global cocain and opiate markets alone at $85 billion and $68 billion, respectively (UNODC, 2012). Jacob Saul Stuart, 39, pleaded guilty in November 2011 to confederacy to distribute controlled substances and conspiracy to commi t money laundering. DEA and HSI superfluous agents, using court authorized wiretaps, determined Stuarts import ring was transporting and distributing up to 2,000 pounds of hemp and as more as 440 pounds of cocain every month. The operation pertain smuggling marijuana into the U. S. rom Canada, where it was distributed across the country to California, Illinois, Missouri, Georgia and New Jersey, among other locations. Proceeds from the marijuana sales were then used to purchase cocaine in Southern California. The cocaine was delivered to members of the outlaw ride gang Hells Angels in British Columbia for dissemination in Canada. Over the course of the investigation, officials seized more than $2 million and 300 pounds of cocaine and more than 2,200 pounds of marijuana from locations across the country. Jacob Stuart was subsequently sentenced to fifteen years in prison (DHS, 2012). ReferencesDammer, H. and Albanese, J. (2011). Comparative criminal justice systems. Mason, OH Cengage nurture Parker, J. (2010). Rape as an International Crime. Retrieved October 22, 2012 from http//www. opednews. com/articles/1/RAPE-AS-AN-INTERNATIONAL-C-by-Janet-Parker-101204-241. hypertext markup language N. A. (2012) Transnational Drug Ring Leader discussion section of Homeland Security. Retrieved October 22, 2012 from http//www. ice. gov/news/releases/1210/121019seattle2. htm N. A. (2012) Transnational Organized Crime United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Retrieved October 22, 2012 from http//www. unodc. org/toc/en/crimes/organized-crime. html